Pax populi? An analysis of the conflict resolution potential of referendums on self-determination

Abstract The international community increasingly promotes referendums as it intervenes in self-determination conflicts around the world. However, ability of to bring about peace remains uncertain. This paper develops argument that conflict resolution potential is conditional, depending on whether or not they are held under mutual agreement relevant minority and majority groups. When mutually agreed, likely generate shared perceptions fair decision-making thereby increase chances for peace. By contrast, unilateral ethnic grievances and, therefore, risk separatist violence. I find support this a global statistical analysis, short case studies, survey experiment. Overall, study suggests can make positive contribution peace, but only if conditions partial compromise referendum, including its terms, ripe.